![]() ![]() Thereafter, a list of 658 published primer pairs, targeting 173 ARGs, was evaluated using ARGA and integrated in ARGA as ARGs primer database. Based on this comprehensive sequence database, an online pipeline - ARG analyzer (ARGA, ) was developed to assess current ARGs primers, as well as annotate ARGs from environmental metagenomes. A total of 1,260,069 protein sequences and 1,164,479 nucleotide sequences, 56 times more sequences than ARDB, from 448 types of ARGs (enabling resistance to 18 categories of antibiotics) were collected and integrated with different hierarchical credibility and full-scale taxonomic information. Here, based upon the abandoned Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB), we created an updated sequence database of antibiotic resistance genes (SDARG). However, their accuracy relies on primer quality and data interpretation, both of which require a full-coverage sequence database for ARGs. Electronic address: biology techniques have assisted in the investigation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from various environments. 6 Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology of CAS, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.5 College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.4 Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.3 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.2 Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology of CAS, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.1 Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology of CAS, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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